Part – II

Very Short Answers

 

Question 1:

List out any two uses of Operating System?

Answer:

The functions or uses of an Operating System include

a) File management,

b) Memory management,

c) Process management and

d) Device management.

 (Note: Select any two uses)


Question 2. What is the multi-user Operating system?

Answer: Multi-user operating system is used in computers and laptops that allow same data and applications to be accessed by multiple users at the same time. The users can also communicate with each other. Eg: Windows. Linux and UNIX.

 

Question 3. What is a GUI?

Answer: The Graphical User Interface is a type of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices through graphical icons and visual indicators such as secondary notation, instead of text-based user interfaces, typed command labels or text navigation.

 

Question 4. What are the security management features available in Operating System?

Answer: The Operating System provides three levels of securities to the user end. They are

1. File access level

2. System level

3. Network level.

 

Question 5. What is multi-processing?

Answer: This is a one of the features of Operating System. It has two or more processors for a single running process (job). Processing takes place in parallel is known as parallel processing. Each processor works on different parts of the same task or on two or more different tasks.

 

Question 6. What are the different Operating Systems used in computer?

Answer: Some of the popular Operating Systems used in personal computers and laptops are Windows, UNIX and Linux. The mobile devices mostly use Android and IOS as mobile OS.

 

III. Explain In Brief.

 

Question 1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of Time-sharing features?

Answer:

Advantages:

1. Provides the advantage of quick response.

2. Avoids duplication of software

3. Reduces CPU idle time.

 

Disadvantages:

1. Problem of data communication and security.

2. Problem of reliability.

 

Question 2. Write the key features of the operating system?

Answer: The key features of the operating system are:

1. User Interface

2. Memory Management

3. Process Management

4. Security Management

5. Fault Tolerance

6. File Management.

 

Question 3. Write a note on Multiprocessing.

This is a one of the features of Operating System. It has two or more processors for a single running process (job). Processing takes place in parallel is known as parallel processing. Since the execution takes place in parallel, this feature is used for high speed execution which increases the power of computing.

 

IV. Explain in detail.

 

Question 1. Explain the concept of a Distributed Operating System along with its advantages?

Answer: This feature takes care of the data and application that are stored and processed on multiple physical locations across the world over the digital network (internet/intranet).

The Distributed Operating System is used to access shared data and files that reside in any machine around the world. The user can handle the data from different locations. The users can access as if it is available on their own computer.

 

The advantages of distributed Operating System are as follows:

1. A user at one location can make use of all the resources available at another location over the network.

2. Many computer resources can be added easily in the network 3. Improves the interaction with the customers and clients.

4. Reduces the load on the host computer.

 

Question 2: List out the points to be noted while creating a user interface for an Operating system.

Answer:

The following points are considered when User Interface is designed for an application.

1. The user interface should enable the user to retain this expertise for a longer time.

2. The user interface should also satisfy the customer based on their needs.

3. The user interface should save user's precious time.

4. The ultimate aim of any product is to satisfy the customer. The User Interface is also to satisfy the customer.

5. The user interface should reduce number of errors committed by the user

 

Question 3. Explain the process management algorithms in Operating System?

Answer:

The following algorithms are mainly used to allocate the job (process) to the processor.

1. FIFO 2. SJF 3. Round Robin 4. Based on Priority.

1. FIFO (First in First Out) Scheduling: This algorithm is based on queuing technique. Assume that a student is standing in a queue (Row) to get grade sheet from his/her teacher. The other student who stands first in the queue gets his/her grade sheet first and leaves from the queue (Row). Followed by the next student in the-queue gets it corrected and so on.

This is the basic logic of the FIFO algorithm. Technically, the process that enters the queue first is executed first by the CPU, followed by the next and so on. The processes are executed in the order of the queue (row).

2. SJF (Shortest Job First) Scheduling: This algorithm works based on the size of the job being executed by the CPU.

Consider two jobs A and B. (a) A = 6 kilo bytes (b) B = 9 kilo bytes First the job "K will be assigned and then job "B" gets its turn.

3. Round Robin Scheduling: The Round Robin (RR) scheduling algorithm is designed especially for time sharing systems. Jobs (processes) are assigned and processor time in a circular method. For example take three jobs A, B, C. First the job A is assigned to CPU then job B and job C and then again A. B and C and so on.

4. Based On Priority: The given job (process) is assigned based on a Priority. The/job which has higher priority is more important than other jobs. Take two jobs A and B. Let the priority of A be 5 and priority B be 7. Job B is assigned to the processor before job A.