Part – B

Answer the following questions in one or two sentences

Question 22.
Name out the different types of land tenure existed in India before Independence.
Answer:

  1. Zamindari system
  2. Mahalwari system
  3. Ryotwari system

Question 23.
State the features that distinguish a land tenure system from other system.
Answer:
The land tenure system differs as

  1. Who owns the land ?
  2. Who cultivates the land ?
  3. Who is responsible for paying the land revenue to the government ?

Question 24.
List out the weaknesses on Green Revolution.
Answer:

  1. Indian agriculture was still a gamble of the monsoons.
  2. This strategy needed heavy investment.
  3. The income gap has increased
  4. Increased unemployment among agricultural labourers.
  5. Reduced the soil fertility and spoiled human wealth.

Question 25.
What are the objectives of Tenth five year plan ?
Answer:

  1. Double the per capita income in the next 10 years.
  2. Aimed to reduce the poverty ratio to 15% by 2012.
  3. Growth target was 8.0% but it achieved only 7.2%

Question 26.
What is the difference between HDI and PQLI ?
Answer:

  1. Human Development Index : It is constructed based on life expectancy index, Education index and GDP per capita.
  2. Physical quality of life index : The PQLI is a measure to calculate the quality of life.

Question 27.
Mention the indicators which are used to calculate HDI.
Answer:

  1. Life expectancy index.
  2. Educational index.
  3. GDP per capita.

Part – C
Answer the following questions in one Paragraph

Question 30.
Elucidate the different types of land tenure system in colonial India.
Answer:
The three types of land tenure system are Zamindari, Mahalwari and Ryotwari system.

1. Zamindari system or the land – lords : This system was created in 1793,after the introduction of permanent settlement act. Under this system the landlords were declared as the owners of the land. They were responsible to pay the land revenue. The share of the rent to government is fixed at 10/11th and the balance as zamindar’s remuneration.

2. Mahalwari system or communal farming : The ownership of the land was maintained by the collective body of villagers which served as a unit of management. They distribute the land and collect revenue and pay it to the state.

3. Ryotwari or the owner – cultivator system : The ownership rights of use and control of land were held by the tiller himself.


Question 31.
State the reasons for nationalization of commercial banks.
Answer:

  1. The main objective of the economic planning aimed at social welfare.
  2. Before independence commercial banks were in the private sector.
  3. These commercial banks failed in helping the government to achieve social objectives of planning.
  4. Therefore, the government decided to nationalize 14 major commercial banks on 1969

Question 32.
Write any three objectives of Industrial Policy 1991.
Answer:

  1. Ensuring rapid industrial development in a competitive environment.
  2. Enchancing support to the small scale sector.
  3. Providing more incentives for industrialisation of the backward areas.

Question 33.
Give a note on Twelfth Five Year Plan.
Answer:

  1. Twelfth five year plan (2012 – 17).
  2. Its main theme is “Faster more inclusive and sustainable growth”
  3. Its growth rate target is 8%

Question 34.
What is PQLI ?
Answer:
Morris D Morris developed the physical quality of life index (PQLI). The PQLI is a measure to calculate the quality of life.
PQLI includes three indicators life expectancy, infant mortality rate and literacy rate. A scale of each indicator ranges from the number 1 to 100. Represents the worst performance and 100 is the best performance.
HDI includes income while PQLI do not. PQLI has only the physical aspects of like.

Part – D
Answer the following questions in about a page

Question 36.
Explain the role of SSIs in economic development?
Answer:

1. SSIs provide employment:

  • SSIs use labour intensive techniques thus reduce the problem of unemployment to a great extent.
  • They provide employment to people in villages and unorganized sectors.
  • The employment – capital ratio is high for the SSIs.

2. SSIs bring balanced regional development: SSIs remove regional disparities by industrializing rural and backward areas and bring balanced regional development.

3. Help in mobilization of local resources : SSIs help to mobilize and utilize local resources like small savings, entrepreneurial talent etc.,

4. Pave for optimization of capital: SSIs require less capital per unit of output. They function as a stabilizing force by providing output-capital ratio as well as high employment capital ratio.

5. Promote exports : SSIs earn valuable foreign exchange through exports from India.

6. Complement large scale industries : SSIs serve as ancillaries to large scale units.

7. Meet consumer demands : SSIs serves as an anti-inflationary force by providing goods of daily use.

8. Develop entrepreneurship : They promote self-employment and spirit of self-reliance in the society. They help to increase the per capita income. They help in distributing national income in more efficient and equitable manner.


Question 37.
Explain the objectives of nationalization of commercial banks.
Answer:

  1. The main objective of nationalization was to attain social welfare. Sectors such as agriculture, small and village industries were in need of funds for their expansion and further economic development.
  2. It helped to curb private monopolies in order to ensure a smooth supply of credit to socially desirable sections.
  3. To encourage the banking habit among the rural population.
  4. To reduce the regional imbalances where the banking facilities were not available.
  5. After nationalization, new bank branches were opened in both rural and urban areas, and they created credit facilities mainly to the agriculture sector and its allied activities.

Question 38.
Describe the performance of 12th five year plan in India.
Answer:
Economic planning is the process in which the limited natural resources are used skillfully so as to achieve the desired goals.

1. First five year plan (1951 – 56) : Main focus was on the agricultural development it achieved the growth rate of 3.6%.

2. Second five year plan (1956 – 61) : Focus was on the industrial development of the country and achieved the growth rate of 4.1%.

3. Third five year plan (1961 – 66): To make the economy independent and to reach take off.

4. Plan holiday (1966 – 69): Equal priority was given to agriculture, its allied sectors and the industrial sectors during annual plans.

5. Fourth five year plan (1969 – 74): Growth with stability and progressive achievement of self reliance was the goal but the plan failed.

6. Fifth five year plan (1975 – 79): A successful plan prioritized agriculture and then industry and mines.

7. Rolling plan : This plan was started with an annual plan for 1978-79.

8. Sixth five year plan (1980 – 85): Based on investment yojana, its objective was poverty eradication and technological self reliance.

9. Seventh five year plan (1985 – 90): Establishment of the self sufficient economy and opportunities for productive employment. Private sector got the priority over public sector.

10. Annual plans : Two annual plans were formed in 1990 – 91 & 1991 -92.

11. Eighth five year plan (1992 – 97): Priority was given to development of the human resources. New economic policy was introduced.

12. Ninth five year plan (1997 – 02):

  • Aimed to double the percapita income in the next 10 years.
  • Aimed to reduce the poverty ratio to 15% by 2012.

13. Tenth five year plan (2002 – 07): Growth with justice and equity was the focus but the plan failed with growth rate of 5.6%. Aimed to double the percapita income in the next 10 years. Aimed to reduce the poverty ratio to 15% by 2012.

14. Eleventh five year plan (2007 – 12): Main theme was faster and more inclusive growth.

15. Twelfth five year plan (2012 – 17): Main theme was faster more inclusive and sustainable growth. The five year plans played a’very prominent role in the economic development of the country. These plans had guided the government as to how it should utilise scarce resources so that maximum benefits can be gained.